pcb kub ntiv tesdais lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov teeb liab kis tau tus mob thiab kev sib txuas, thiab lawv cov kev ua tau zoo cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov khoom siv. Yog li ntawd, xaiv cov txheej txheem tsim nyog yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov ntiv tes kub.
1, Common pcb kub ntiv tes tshuab
(1) Electroplating nickel kub txheej txheem
Cov txheej txheem txheej txheem: Siv cov txheej txheem electrochemical, pcb muab tso rau hauv cathode hauv cov tshuaj electroplating uas muaj nickel thiab kub ntsev. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ncaj qha tam sim no, npib tsib xee ions ua ntej txo thiab tso nyiaj rau hauv cov ntiv tes kub ntawm lub pcb nto, tsim ib txheej npib tsib xee. Cov txheej npib tsib xee tsis tsuas yog txhim kho lub zog sib txuas ntawm cov txheej kub thiab cov tooj liab substrate, tab sis kuj muab kev txhawb zog rau cov txheej kub tom qab vim nws qhov siab hardness. Tom qab ntawd, kub ions txuas ntxiv txo thiab tso rau saum npoo ntawm nickel txheej, thaum kawg tsim cov ntiv tes kub txheej txheej nrog kev ua tau zoo heev.
Cov txheej txheem zoo: Cov ntiv tes kub feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev sib txuas qhov chaw uas yuav tsum tau nquag ntxig thiab rho tawm. Cov txheej txheej tsim los ntawm nickel kub electroplating tshuab muaj kev hnav zoo heev thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus ntev - lub sij hawm txhua yam kev sib txhuam. Cov txheej txheej saum npoo ntawm cov ntiv tes kub tsis yooj yim puas thaum lub sij hawm ntau qhov ntxig thiab cov txheej txheem rho tawm, yog li tswj kev sib txuas hluav taws xob ruaj khov. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kub muaj zog antioxidant thiab corrosion kuj, uas tuaj yeem tiv taus oxidative yaig nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig, ua kom lub sij hawm ntev - stability ntawm conductivity ntawm cov ntiv tes kub thiab zoo heev rau kev pab cuam lub neej ntawm luam Circuit Court boards.
Daim ntawv thov scenario: Vim nws zoo heev hnav tsis kam, oxidation tsis kam, thiab conductivity, npib tsib xee kub electroplating tshuab yog dav siv nyob rau hauv cov teb uas yuav tsum tau tsis tshua muaj siab ntseeg thiab durability. Piv txwv li, cov khoom siv kho vajtse xws li khoos phis tawj nco modules thiab cov duab kos yuav tsum tau ntsaws thiab tshem tawm thaum siv. Cov ntiv tes kub ntawm electroplated npib tsib xee kub thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem ua kom ntseeg tau tias lawv ib txwm muaj kev sib txuas hluav taws xob zoo nrog lub motherboard qhov, ua kom ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom siv.
(2) Sinking kub txheej txheem
Cov txheej txheem txheej txheem: Cov txheej txheem kub immersion, tseem hu ua chemical nickel plating, tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntiv tes kub ntawm pcb los ntawm cov tshuaj oxidation - txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Ua ntej, electroless npib tsib xee plating yog ua rau ntawm tooj liab txheej ntawm tus ntiv tes golden los tsim ib txheej ntawm npib tsib xee phosphorus alloy. Cov txheej npib tsib xee ua haujlwm raws li cov txheej txheem nruab nrab, muab lub hauv paus zoo rau cov txheej txheem kub tom ntej thiab tiv thaiv cov tooj liab ions los ntawm diffusing mus rau hauv cov txheej kub. Tom qab ntawd, qhov kev hloov pauv tshwm sim tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj ntsev kub thiab cov nickel txheej, tso cov txheej kub rau saum npoo ntawm cov nickel txheej.
Txheej txheem kom zoo dua: Cov txheej kub tau los ntawm cov txheej txheem kub immersion muaj zoo flatness thiab weldability. Nws flatness ua kom nruj dua thiab ntau dua kev sib cuag ntawm tus ntiv tes kub thiab lub qhov (socket), txo kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv thiab txhim kho cov teeb liab kev ruaj ntseg. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm welding, cov txheej txheem immersion kub tuaj yeem txhim kho vuam kev ua tau zoo, txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm vuam tsis xws li kev siv lub tshuab vuam thiab desoldering, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim rau siab - precision pcb boards nrog cov kev cai nruj rau vuam zoo.
Daim ntawv thov scenario: Rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas tsis tshua muaj kev xav tau rau kev hnav tsis kam tab sis cov kev xav tau siab heev rau flatness thiab weldability, cov txheej txheem kub deposition yog qhov kev xaiv. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub pcb boards ntawm ib co high -kawg smartphones, ntsiav tshuaj, thiab lwm yam khoom siv, yog hais tias tus kub ntiv tes yog siv los txuas cov khoom xws li roj teeb thiab cov lus qhia, tus naj npawb ntawm insertions thiab tshem tawm ntawm cov kev sib txuas qhov chaw yog me me, tab sis qhov yuav tsum tau rau vuam kev ntseeg tau thiab flatness yog nruj. Cov ntiv tes kub ntawm cov txheej txheem immersion kub tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau no.
2, Cov lus piav qhia ntxaws ntawm pcb kub ntiv tes txheej txheem ntws
(1) Ua ntej ua
Kev tshem tawm roj: Siv cov tshuaj tshem tawm cov roj alkaline los kho pcb boards, tshem tawm cov roj stains ntawm qhov chaw zoo. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov roj stains tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kev sib khi zoo ntawm cov hlau ions mus rau qhov chaw tooj liab thaum lub sij hawm tom ntej electroplating lossis tshuaj plating txheej txheem. Los ntawm cov txheej txheem degreasing, qhov kev huv huv ntawm cov ntiv tes kub yog ua kom ntseeg tau, tso lub hauv paus zoo rau cov txheej txheem tom ntej.
Acid ntxuav: Tom qab tshem cov roj, cov kua qaub ntxuav yog nqa tawm siv cov kua qaub. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntxuav cov kua qaub yog tshem tawm cov oxide txheej ntawm cov tooj liab thiab qhib cov tooj liab kom nws nyob hauv lub xeev nquag, txhim kho nws cov kev sib raug zoo nrog cov hlau plated tom ntej.
(2) Nickel plating
Electroplated npib tsib xee plating: Muab cov khoom ua ntej kho pcb rau hauv cov tshuaj npib tsib xee plating, qhov twg cov ntsev tseem ceeb feem ntau yog npib tsib xee aminosulfonate, uas muaj cov ntsiab lus npib tsib xee thiab tsis tshua muaj kev ntxhov siab. Thaum lub sij hawm electroplating txheej txheem, nruj me ntsis tswj tsis xws li kub, pH tus nqi, thiab tam sim no ceev ntawm lub plating tov. Qhov tsim nyog concentration ntawm npib tsib xee ntsev kom ntseeg tau tus nqi deposition thiab zoo ntawm nickel. Tus nqi pH cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm npib tsib xee ions, thaum kub thiab qhov ceev tam sim no txiav txim siab cov qauv crystalline thiab thickness ntawm cov nickel txheej. Feem ntau, lub thickness ntawm npib tsib xee plating txheej yog tswj nyob ib ncig ntawm 3-5 μ m los muab txaus hardness thiab adhesion.
Chemical nickel plating: Nyob rau hauv cov nickel plating theem ntawm immersion kub txheej txheem, ib tug npib tsib xee phosphorus alloy txheej yog tso rau ntawm tooj liab txheej ntawm tus ntiv tes kub los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb cov tshuaj nickel plating tov thiab tshuaj txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nws tseem yog ib qho tsim nyog los tswj qhov tsis muaj tseeb xws li muaj pes tsawg leeg, qhov kub thiab txias, thiab lub sijhawm tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov tshuaj electroless nickel plating. Cov ntsiab lus phosphorus ntawm cov electroless npib tsib xee plating txheej feem ntau tswj ntawm 7-9 wt%, thiab cov txheej txheej npib tsib xee phosphorus alloy muaj corrosion kuj zoo thiab weldability, nrog ib tug tuab feem ntau nyob ib ncig ntawm 3-5 μ m.
(3) Kub plating
Electroplating nyuaj kub: Tom qab nickel plating tiav, cov txheej txheem electroplating nyuaj kub yog siv rau qhov kub ntiv tes. Hard kub plating daws feem ntau muaj kub ntsev thiab ib co additives, xws li cobalt ntsev. Los ntawm kev ntxiv cov ntsiab lus xws li cobalt, hardness ntawm txheej kub tuaj yeem txhim kho tau zoo. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem electroplating, tshwj xeeb tam sim no waveforms thiab tsis, xws li mem tes electroplating, nrog rau pem hauv ntej tam sim no ceev feem ntau tswj ntawm ib ncig ntawm 1.2A / dm ² thiab rov qab lub luag hauj lwm voj voog ntawm ib ncig ntawm 30%. Cov txheej txheem electroplating no tuaj yeem ua rau cov txheej txheem kub tso rau hauv crystallize ntau finely thiab nruj, nrog hardness ntau dua thiab zoo dua hnav tsis kam, kom tau raws li nquag tso thiab tshem tawm cov kev xav tau ntawm cov ntiv tes kub. Lub thickness ntawm cov txheej kub yog feem ntau txiav txim siab raws li kev thov tshwj xeeb, thiab feem ntau yog 1.5-5 μ m.
Kub plating: Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem kub plating, tom qab cov tshuaj npib tsib xee plating tiav, lub pcb yog immersed nyob rau hauv ib tug tov uas muaj kub ntsev. Cov kub ions hauv cov ntsev kub tau raug tshem tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog cov txheej npib tsib xee, tso cov txheej kub rau saum npoo ntawm cov nickel txheej. Thaum lub sij hawm tus txheej txheem ntawm kub deposition, nws yuav tsum nruj me ntsis tswj lub concentration, kub, pH tus nqi, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lub sij hawm ntawm kub ntsev tov kom paub meej tias lub thickness ntawm cov kub txheej yog uniform thiab ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau. Lub thickness ntawm cov kub deposition txheej yog nyias, nrog ib tug pa tuab ntawm ib ncig ntawm 1-3 μ m, tab sis nws flatness thiab weldability yog zoo.
(4) Post processing
Ntxuav: Txawm hais tias nws yog electroplating nickel kub txheej txheem los yog immersion kub txheej txheem, tom qab ua tiav cov kub plating, lub pcb yuav tsum tau huv si huv si. Siv cov dej deionized thiab lwm cov tshuaj ntxuav kom tshem tawm cov khoom seem plating los yog cov tshuaj plating thiab lwm yam impurities nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov ntiv tes kub, tiv thaiv cov khoom seem uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntiv tes kub.
Kev ziab: Tom qab ntxuav, pcb qhuav kom tshem tawm cov dej noo ntawm cov ntiv tes kub, tiv thaiv oxidation lossis corrosion ntawm cov ntiv tes kub thaum khaws cia los yog siv vim qhov seem seem. Kev ziab kom qhuav thiab lub sijhawm yuav tsum tau tswj kom tsim nyog raws li cov khoom siv thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm pcb, feem ntau ziab ntawm 60-80℃rau qee lub sijhawm.
Kev Ntsuas: Ua ib qho kev tshuaj xyuas tag nrho ntawm cov ntiv tes golden, nrog rau kev tshuaj xyuas qhov muag, txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov tsis xws luag xws li khawb, pinholes, npuas, thiab lwm yam ntawm cov ntiv tes golden; Txheej thickness nrhiav tau, siv cov cuab yeej tshaj lij xws li X-ray fluorescence spectrometer los ntsuas cov thickness ntawm kub thiab npib tsib xee txheej kom ntseeg tau tias lawv ua tau raws li cov qauv tsim; Kev kuaj adhesion, siv cov txheej txheem xws li daim kab xev tev los xyuas seb qhov adhesion ntawm txheej thiab substrate puas ruaj khov; Kev ntsuas kev coj ua, siv cov cuab yeej ntsuas hluav taws xob tshaj lij los ntsuas qhov tsis kam ntawm cov ntiv tes kub kom ntseeg tau tias lawv cov conductivity zoo.